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Birth: Nov 13, 1312, Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England;
Death: Jun 21, 1377; Sheen Palace, Richmond, Surrey, England;
Age: 65
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Titles:
- King of England - Dates: Jan 25, 1327-Jun 21 1377
- Lord of Ireland - Dates: 1327-1377
- Duke of Aquitaine - Dates: 1325-1362
- Count of Ponthieu - Dates: 1360-1369
- Lord of Aquitaine - Dates: 1360-1369
- King of France (non-reigning) - Dates: 1340-1360/1369-1377
Notes:
Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377) was one of the most successful English monarchs of the Middle Ages. He remained on the throne for 50 years; no English monarch had reigned for as long as Edward since Henry III, and none would until George III. Having restored royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II, he went on to transform the Kingdom of England into the most efficient military power in Europe. To a large extent, Edward III can be credited with the birth of the English nation.
Edward was crowned at the age of fourteen, following the deposition of his father. When seventeen years old he led a coup against his regent, the usurper Roger Mortimer, and began his personal reign. After having failed to subjugate the Kingdom of Scotland, he declared himself rightful heir to the French throne in 1337, starting what would be known as the Hundred Years' War. Following some initial setbacks, the war went exceptionally well for England; the victories of Crécy and Poitiers led up to the highly favourable Treaty of Brétigny. Edward’s later years, however, were marked by international failure and domestic strife, largely as a result of his inertia and eventual bad health.
Edward was also responsible for establishing the Order of the Garter, and his reign saw vital developments in legislature and government—in particular the evolution of the English parliament—as well as the ravaging of the Black Death. By character he was a temperamental man, but also capable of great clemency. He was, in most ways, a conventional king, and his interests lay mainly in the field of warfare. Highly revered in his own time and for centuries after, Edward III was denounced as an irresponsible adventurer by later Whig historians. This view has turned, and modern historiography credits him with many achievements.
Philippa and Edward had fourteen children, including five sons who lived into adulthood and whose rivalry would eventually bring about the long-running civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses. Their sons are listed below:
- Edward, the Black Prince (1330-76) - his only living issue was King of England Richard II who died without issue.
- Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence (1338-68)
- John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340-99)
- Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York (1341-1402)
- Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester (1355-97)
Another three sons and two daughters died in infancy. There were four surviving daughters, listed below; however, none of these had issue which survived:
- Isabella of England (1332-1379)
- Joan of England (1334-1348)
- Mary Plantagenet (1344-1362)
- Margaret Plantagenet (1346-1361)
Some or all of the above information was taken from wikipedia.org. To read more, click here.
Sources:
Birth:
Marriage:
Death:
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Family |
See the Family Tree
Father
King of England Edward II
Apr 25, 1284 - Sep 21, 1327
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Mother
Queen of England Isabella of France
1292 - Aug 22, 1358 |
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| Spouse/Consort/Mate |
Primary or Last Marriage:
Date: Jan 24, 1328, Place: York Minster, York, England,
Status: Marriage, Note: |
Queen Consort of England Philippa of Hainault
c. 1314 - Aug 15, 1369 |
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| Issue |
Duke of Lancaster John "of Gaunt" Plantagenet
Great x 17 grandfather
Mar 6, 1340 - Feb 3, 1399 |
Duke of York Edmund of Langley Plantagenet
Great x 18 grandfather
Jun 5. 1341 - Aug 1, 1402 |
Duke of Gloucester Thomas Plantagenet of Woodstock
Great x 17 grandfather
Jan 7, 1355 - Sep 8, 1397 |
Duke of Clarence Lionel of Antwerp
Great x 20 grandfather
Nov 29, 1338 - Oct 7, 1368 |
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